Yuav tsum muaj peb kauj ruam los muab ib tug ntxhw tso rau hauv lub tub yees. Yog li koj yuav ua li cas muab ib pawg xuab zeb tso rau hauv lub khoos phis tawj?
Tau kawg, qhov peb hais txog ntawm no tsis yog xuab zeb ntawm ntug hiav txwv, tab sis xuab zeb nyoos siv los ua cov chips. "Kev khawb xuab zeb los ua cov chips" xav tau ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj.
Kauj Ruam 1: Tau Txais Cov Khoom Siv Raw
Yuav tsum xaiv cov xuab zeb uas tsim nyog ua cov khoom siv raw. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov xuab zeb ib txwm yog silicon dioxide (SiO₂), tab sis kev tsim cov chips muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom huv ntawm silicon dioxide siab heev. Yog li ntawd, cov xuab zeb quartz uas muaj kev huv siab dua thiab tsis muaj kuab paug ntau dua feem ntau raug xaiv.
Kauj Ruam 2: Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Raw
Yuav kom rho tau cov silicon uas huv heev ntawm cov xuab zeb, cov xuab zeb yuav tsum tau sib xyaw nrog hmoov magnesium, ua kom sov rau qhov kub siab, thiab cov silicon dioxide yuav raug txo kom ua cov silicon ntshiab los ntawm kev txo cov tshuaj lom neeg. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav raug ntxuav ntxiv los ntawm lwm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg kom tau txais cov silicon qib hluav taws xob nrog qhov huv si txog li 99.9999999%.
Tom ntej no, cov silicon qib hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav rau hauv cov silicon siv lead ua ib leeg kom ntseeg tau tias cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm lub processor muaj kev sib raug zoo. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev ua kom cov silicon huv si kom txog thaum nws yaj, ntxig cov noob siv lead ua, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam tig thiab rub nws kom ua ib lub cylindrical single crystal silicon ingot.
Thaum kawg, cov ingot silicon siv lead ua ib leeg raug txiav ua cov wafers nyias heev siv lub pob zeb diamond wire saw thiab cov wafers raug txhuam kom ntseeg tau tias muaj qhov chaw du thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo.
Kauj Ruam 3: Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom
Silicon yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov processors hauv computer. Cov kws kho tshuab siv cov khoom siv high-tech xws li cov tshuab photolithography los ua cov kauj ruam photolithography thiab etching ntau zaus los tsim cov txheej ntawm cov circuits thiab cov khoom siv ntawm silicon wafers, ib yam li "ua lub tsev." Txhua lub silicon wafer tuaj yeem ntim tau ntau pua lossis txawm tias ntau txhiab lub chips.
Tom qab ntawd, lub Hoobkas xa cov wafers uas ua tiav lawm mus rau lub Hoobkas ua ntej, qhov chaw uas lub tshuab txiav pob zeb diamond txiav cov wafers silicon ua ntau txhiab daim duab plaub fab uas loj li tus rau tes, txhua daim yog ib daim chip. Tom qab ntawd, lub tshuab xaiv cov chips uas tsim nyog, thiab thaum kawg lwm lub tshuab muab lawv tso rau ntawm lub reel thiab xa lawv mus rau lub Hoobkas ntim khoom thiab kuaj.
Kauj Ruam 4: Kev Ntim Khoom Kawg
Ntawm qhov chaw ntim khoom thiab kuaj, cov kws kho tshuab ua qhov kev sim zaum kawg ntawm txhua lub chip kom paub tseeb tias lawv ua haujlwm zoo thiab npaj siv tau. Yog tias cov chips dhau qhov kev sim, lawv raug teeb tsa ntawm lub dab dej kub thiab lub substrate los ua ib pob tiav. Qhov no zoo li muab "lub tsho tiv thaiv" rau ntawm lub chip; lub pob sab nraud tiv thaiv lub chip ntawm kev puas tsuaj, kub dhau, thiab kev ua qias tuaj. Hauv lub khoos phis tawj, lub pob no tsim kev sib txuas hluav taws xob ntawm lub chip thiab lub rooj tsavxwm circuit.
Ib yam li ntawd, txhua yam khoom siv chip uas tsav lub ntiaj teb thev naus laus zis tau ua tiav!
INTEL THIAB KEV TSIM KHOOM
Niaj hnub nim no, kev hloov cov khoom siv raw mus ua cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua lossis muaj nqis dua los ntawm kev tsim khoom yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Kev tsim cov khoom ntau dua nrog cov khoom siv tsawg dua lossis tsawg dua cov sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo dua tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom muaj nqis ntxiv. Thaum cov tuam txhab tsim cov khoom ntau dua ntawm tus nqi sai dua, cov txiaj ntsig thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam nce ntxiv.
Kev tsim khoom yog lub hauv paus ntawm Intel.
Intel ua cov semiconductor chips, graphics chips, motherboard chipsets, thiab lwm yam khoom siv computer. Thaum kev tsim semiconductor nyuaj zuj zus, Intel yog ib lub tuam txhab hauv ntiaj teb uas tuaj yeem ua tiav ob qho kev tsim qauv tshiab thiab kev tsim khoom hauv tsev.
Txij li xyoo 1968, cov kws ua haujlwm thiab cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Intel tau kov yeej cov teeb meem ntawm kev ntim ntau thiab ntau cov transistors rau hauv cov chips me dua thiab me dua. Kev ua tiav lub hom phiaj no xav tau pab pawg neeg thoob ntiaj teb loj, cov khoom siv hauv Hoobkas ua ntej, thiab lub ecosystem muaj zog.
Intel cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom semiconductor hloov zuj zus txhua ob peb xyoos. Raws li Moore's Law tau kwv yees, txhua tiam ntawm cov khoom muaj ntau yam ntxwv thiab kev ua tau zoo dua, txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, thiab txo tus nqi ntawm ib lub transistor. Intel muaj ntau lub chaw tsim khoom wafer thiab chaw kuaj ntim khoom thoob plaws ntiaj teb, uas ua haujlwm hauv lub network thoob ntiaj teb uas muaj kev ywj pheej heev.
KEV TSIM KHOOM THIAB LUB NEEJ TXHUA HNUB
Kev tsim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb lub neej txhua hnub. Cov khoom uas peb kov, vam khom, nyiam thiab noj txhua hnub yuav tsum muaj kev tsim khoom.
Hais yooj yim xwb, yog tsis muaj kev hloov cov khoom siv raw mus ua cov khoom nyuaj dua, yuav tsis muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov tsheb, thiab lwm yam khoom uas ua rau lub neej zoo dua, muaj kev nyab xeeb dua, thiab yooj yim dua.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ob Hlis-03-2025